Genetic disease is a disease caused by parents who have genetic abnormalities and pass them on to their children.
Some parents may have no abnormal symptoms. This will be known only after receiving a health check before marriage or before having children. Inherited diseases cannot be prevented or completely cured.
Genetic diseases that can be passed on from parents to children. What are they?
1. Leukemia
It is a genetic disease caused by abnormal growth of white blood cells in the embryo. It interferes with the production of blood cells in the bone marrow of other cells, causing patients with leukemia to have decreased white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets to the point of being unable to resist germs.
2. Diabetes
It is a genetic disease caused by abnormalities in the body with blood sugar higher than normal. This is because the pancreas does not produce enough of the hormone insulin. This makes the body unable to use sugar as appropriate resulting in higher blood sugar levels.
3. Heart disease
There are many types of hereditary heart diseases, but the most common ones include congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, aortic dissection and marfan syndrome, etc.
4. Thalassemia disease
It is a genetic disease caused by abnormalities in hemoglobin synthesis. This causes the body to be unable to control the production of hemoglobin to normal levels. As a result, red blood cells break down easily and there is less substance in red blood cells
5. Alzheimer’s disease
It is a genetic disease that causes the brain to accumulate protein stains. As a result, brain cells deteriorate and atrophy. It damages communication between brain cells.
6. Cancer
The cancers that are most likely to be inherited include colon cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer.
7. Down syndrome
It is a disease caused by abnormalities of the 21st pair of chromosomes. It is an extra whole chromosome or part of it. There is a risk for pregnant mothers over 35 years of age, causing children to be born with a small head, slanted eyes, a flat nose bridge, and other congenital diseases.
8. Color blindness
It is caused by an abnormality of the pigment and the green or red light-receptor cells. It is controlled by genes on the X chromosome and is passed down in an X-linked recessive way from mother to son.
9. G6PD deficiency
It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme G6PD that helps red blood cells function normally. It is a genetic disease caused by an abnormality in the G6PD gene located on the X chromosome. This condition usually affects males.
The prevention for these diseases is a health check before marriage. Because in addition to building confidence for married couples, it also helps to know the risks that may occur with pregnancy or genetic risks that may be passed on to children.
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